High Density Lipoprotein – Should we Raise it?

High density lipoprotein - should we raise it?

Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Experimental studies have identified several potential anti-atherogenic properties of HDL, including promotion of macrophage cholesterol efflux, endothelial nitric oxide stimulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. These observations ha...

Potential therapeutic agents that raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels

Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in westernised societies. A number of risk factors have been identified that accelerate the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including family history for premature disease (first degree male relative with CVD onset before the age of 55; first degree female relative with CVD onset before the age of 65), hypertension (whether...

Erythema nodosum :what should we consider about it?

High-density lipoprotein: is it always atheroprotective?

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are appropriately recognized for their many atheroprotective functions, including reverse cholesterol transport, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis is well documented in many populations. However, there is an increasing body of evidence that ther...

When should we measure lipoprotein (a)?

Recently published epidemiological and genetic studies strongly suggest a causal relationship of elevated concentrations of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] with cardiovascular disease (CVD), independent of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), reduced high density lipoproteins (HDL), and other traditional CVD risk factors. The atherogenicity of Lp(a) at a molecular and cellular level is caused by interferen...